ARD Prevention by Improving Packed Bed Stability

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EMULSIFIERS

luonut Nurul Husna Mohamad Ridzuan

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specific gravity

bulk density

Net Acid Producing Potential

Acid Neutralising Capacity

physical barriers

backfills

Prevent oxidation reactions

inhibit permeation of aqueous oxidants

layered/blended packing

packing density

void ratio

water/solid ratio

void volume

dry/wet packing

Mixing protocols

sample   rheology

Slump

slump height

spread

yield stress

Carry out column leach tests

Sulphate concentration

permeant flow rate

Fe/Ferrous Ion concentration

Aspect ratio

bed height

solid material volume

bed diameter

Analyse packing methods

sample loading approach

non-consolidated packing settlement

consolidated partilcle settlement

jigging

shoveling

rodding

Develop Packing Protocols

Mechanical

packed structural bed strength

packed bed compressibility behaviour

compressive load

compressive extension

Physical

Investigate rock mineralogy

porosity

waste rock shape

PSD

Vary waste rock to fine waste ratio (w/w)

ACID ROCK DRAINAGE PREVENTION BY  IMPROVING PACKED BED STABILITY

Geotechnical Approach

Chemical Approach

rock sample characterisation

determine ARD producing potential

Biokinetic tests

[SO4^2-]

[Fe2+]/[Fe3+]

pH

surface area

microbes

ABA tests

determine sulfur content

coat sulfidic rocks

apply synthetic coatings