Learning Theories for Online Learning

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Connectivism

Downes

Siemans

Learning in a networked environment

Guidelines

Mutidisciplinary

Continuous learning

Research and locate new information

Machines will train the user

Knowledge assembled from many sources

Global -not location specific

Recognize when ifo becomes invalid

Identify important information

Constant process: Unlearn old information and learn new information

Autonomous and independent

Learning Theories for Online Learning

Constructivism

Wilson

Cooper

Learner-centered

Interpret, process & create knowledge

Imlications for online learning

Interactions

Learner-context

Learner-support

Learner-expert

Learner-instructor

Learner-learner

Learner-content

Learner-interface

Meaningful assignments

Reflect & internalize

Learner controls process

Collaborative & cooperative

construct knowledge

Active process

Situated learning

Transformation theory

Relectively transforming beliefs, attitudes, opinions, & emotional reactions that constitute our meaning schemes or perspectives.

Interacting contexts

situation encountered during learning process

self-image of learner

process

conditions of communication

frame of reference

Mezirow

Cognitive Psychology

E. Tulving

R.S. Lockhart

F.I.M. Craik

D.P. Ausubel

G. A. Miller

internal process

Dependent on:

existing knowledge

depth of processing

effort

processing capacity

Strategies for online learning

Apply to real situations

Metacognition

Learner adjusts learning strategy

Motivate

Keller's ARCS Model

Satisfaction

Confidence

Relevance

Attention

extrinsic

intrinsic

Modes of presentation

verbal

visual

textual

Cognitive styles

Learning styles

Concrete experience

Use sensation to promote perception and attention

Retirieve existing info & construct memory link

Chunk to prevent overload

Apply, analyze, synthesize, evaluate, & contextualize

Accommodate cognitive styles

Field independent

Field dependent

Accommodate learning styles

Processing

Active experimentation

Abstract conceptualization

Perceiving

Reflective observation

Concrete expereince

Behaviorism

Theorists

Skinner

Pavlov

Thorndike

Learning can be observed and measured

Implications for online learning

Learners should be told explicit outcomes

Learners must be tested

Learning materials must be sequenced

Learners must receive feedback

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