Kategorier: Alle - behaviorism - constructivism - learning - connectivism

av Donna C 12 år siden

245

Learning Theories for Online Learning

Various learning theories have been proposed to enhance the understanding and facilitation of education in different environments, particularly online. Connectivism, proposed by Siemans and Downes, emphasizes learning in a networked environment where knowledge is assembled from diverse sources and requires continuous unlearning and relearning.

Learning Theories for Online Learning

Connectivism

Downes
Siemans

Learning in a networked environment

Guidelines
Mutidisciplinary
Continuous learning
Research and locate new information
Machines will train the user
Knowledge assembled from many sources
Global -not location specific
Recognize when ifo becomes invalid
Identify important information
Constant process: Unlearn old information and learn new information
Autonomous and independent

Learning Theories for Online Learning

Constructivism

Wilson
Cooper
Learner-centered
Interpret, process & create knowledge
Imlications for online learning

Interactions

Learner-context

Learner-support

Learner-expert

Learner-instructor

Learner-learner

Learner-content

Learner-interface

Meaningful assignments

Reflect & internalize

Learner controls process

Collaborative & cooperative

construct knowledge

Active process

Situated learning

Transformation theory

Relectively transforming beliefs, attitudes, opinions, & emotional reactions that constitute our meaning schemes or perspectives.
Interacting contexts

situation encountered during learning process

self-image of learner

process

conditions of communication

frame of reference

Mezirow

Cognitive Psychology

E. Tulving
R.S. Lockhart
F.I.M. Craik
D.P. Ausubel
G. A. Miller
internal process
Dependent on:

existing knowledge

depth of processing

effort

processing capacity

Strategies for online learning

Apply to real situations

Metacognition

Learner adjusts learning strategy

Motivate

Keller's ARCS Model

Satisfaction

Confidence

Relevance

Attention

extrinsic

intrinsic

Modes of presentation

verbal

visual

textual

Cognitive styles

Learning styles

Concrete experience

Use sensation to promote perception and attention

Retirieve existing info & construct memory link

Chunk to prevent overload

Apply, analyze, synthesize, evaluate, & contextualize

Accommodate cognitive styles

Field independent

Field dependent

Accommodate learning styles

Processing

Active experimentation

Abstract conceptualization

Perceiving

Reflective observation

Concrete expereince

Behaviorism

Theorists
Skinner
Pavlov
Thorndike
Learning can be observed and measured
Implications for online learning

Learners should be told explicit outcomes

Learners must be tested

Learning materials must be sequenced

Learners must receive feedback

Subtopic