The typology of language learning strategies, as explored by Mohamed Amin Embi, emphasizes the influence of the learning environment and the second language acquisition model. Strategies are categorized based on their context, such as exam preparation, out-of-class activities, and classroom interactions.
Reference: Mohamed Amin Embi. Typology of Language Learning Strategies in http://issuu.com/profdramin/docs/llstypology
LLS Typology
Mohamed Amin Embi (1996)
* based on influence of learning environment, setting and atmosphere
* based on second language acquisition model by Ellis (1994)
Exam LLS
E.g.: Joining group discussion, doing exercises in workbooks, memorising essay format
Out-of-class LLS
Conversing with parents at home, discussing with friends after class, watch movies
Classroom LLS
E.g.: Sitting near proficient students, asking for clarification, answer silently to oneself
Oxford (1990)
* according to purpose and use
* based on research on cognitive & educational psychology
Indirect
-Provide indirect support to language learning
Affective
Social
Direct
-Have direct impact with target language
-Require mental processing
Compensation
Memory
O'Malley & Chamot (1990)
* related to psycholinguistic and sociolinguistic aspects
Social Affective
E.g.:
i)Asking for clariification
ii) Cooperation
iii) Self talk