Brain Basics/Info Processing

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Neuroplasticity

Survival

Improved memory performance after the information is processed in terms of a survival scenario.

Sense

The five classic sense such as touch, smell, taste, hearing and sight.

Meaning

relevance that students attach to new learning

They represent important periods in which the brain is susceptible to what goes into it from the surrounding environment in order to create neural networks.

Vygotsky Theory

His theory teaches students should play an active role in learning.The teacher should have children do assignments that they cant do yet and then help them accomplish it. His major belief is that the teacher should collaborate with the student.

Processing

Glial Cells

They are located in the central nervous system and they maintain homeostasis.They basically provide protection and nourishment.

Mirror Neurons

A type of sensory cell that is activated when someone performs an action or watches someone else doing the same action.

Neuron

They process and transmit information

Myelin

The purpose of this is to increase speed of electrical impulses that along the myelinated fiber.

Dendrite

They extend like fingers from the nerve cell. They receive messages and pass them onto the next cell.

Synapse

A synapse transmits electric nerve impulses between two nerve cells or a neuron.

Axon

The Axon is a long and slender projection of a nerve cell that conducts electric impulses away from the neuron. Its purpose is to transfer information to different neurons.

Windows of Opportunity

Labels/Praise

People obtain labels from how others view them according to their behavior. The type of praise you give to a child matters

Zone of Proximal Development

The ZPD is the distance between a student's ability to do a task while getting help and the child solving the problem on their own. Vygotsky believes that humans should use tools such as writing and speech to have higher thinking skills.

Assimilation/ Accommodation

Assimilation happens when we try to fit new information into our schema. It keeps the new information and adds to what already exists in our minds.

Accommodation is when when we restructure of modify what we already know so that new information can fit in better

Self-Concept

This describes the way we view ourselves in the world. it is shaped by our past experiences Whether it is a good experience or not, it can raise or self-concept or become negative.

Memory

Long-term

Long term memory connects with the learner's past experiences and asks, does it make sense? and does it have meaning?

Working

Its also a temporary memory and where conscious processing takes place. It works like a work table where we can rework ideas for eventual storage somewhere else. Comes from immediate memory or long term memory.

Immediate

It operates consciously or subconsciously and holds the for abut 30 seconds. The person's experiences determine the importance.

Sensory register

Schema

Schema enables us to form a mental representation of the world.

Mindsets

Fixed

People with a fixed mindset believe that success comes from someone's innate ability.

Growth

People who have a growth mindset believe that their success comes from their efforts and diligence.

Lobe

Frontal

Temporal

These lobes deal with sound, music, face and object recognition, and parts of the long-term memory.

Occipital

They are at the back and they are used for visual processing. They also include perceiving shapes and color.

Parietal

They integrate sensory information from various parts of the body.

At the front of the brain are frontal lobes. They deal with planning and thinking.

Critical Periods

A critical period is a maturational stage in the lifespan of an organism during which the nervous system is especially sensitive to certain environmental stimuli.

Imaginary Audience

when people, especially teenagers, believe that everyone's eyes are on them and everyone is interested in them as they are in themselves.

Piaget Theory

Piaget's theory covers a broad range of definitions that I have already talked about here, such as assimilation and accommodation. But he has four stages of Cognitive development. Sensorimotor Stage- Knowing that an object still exists even when it is hidden, Preoperational Stage- Making one thing a word or an object stand for stand for something other than itself. Concrete Operational stage- this marks the beginning of working things out internally in their head, and lastly, Formal Operational stage - Thinking about abstract concepts and testing hypothesis.

Subtopic

Erikson Theory

Erikson's theory has eight stages in order for a person to become a confident member of society. Trust v Mistrust, Autonomy vs Shame/doubt, Initative vs Guilt, industry vs inferiority, identity vs role confusion, intimacy s isolation, generativity vs stagnation, and integrity vs despair.

Limbic System

Cerebellum

It monitors impulses from nerve endings in the muscles.

Cerebrum

They tell the nerves from the left side of the body to cross over to the right side and vice versa. This is a way of communication with each other and coordinate activities.

Hypothalamus

They monitor the internal systems to maintain the normal state of the body.

Thalamus

All the incoming sensory information goes here(except smell). Then it is directed to the other parts of the brain for additional processing.

Amygdala

It plays an important role for emotions, especially fear.

Hippocampus

It converts information from working memory to long-term storage regions